A literary argument is probably different from the type of arguments you have
written in previous papers or courses. Though the examples below may seem initially
somewhat formulaic, they are designed to keep you focused on the “what/
how” combination (as long as you are sure that the “what”
is thematic and not merely a retelling of subject matter), to give your papers
an analytical focus.
A thesis statement is NOT any of the following:
• merely factual: "Shakespeare uses analogies in his sonnets."
• simplistic, obvious, or trite; "Some poems are alike even though they seem different."
• overly broad or vague: "These poems are about death."
• a restatement of the assignment or an “announcement” of
your paper:
My paper will focus on… The two poems I chose to write about… When
I read…
A thesis statement SHOULD BE all of the following:
• a complete sentence (not a fragment, not a question)
• a statement of your view, or an argument, about the topic
• clearly located in your introductory paragraph
Moving from topic to thesis: Steps Toward Argument
Having a topic is not enough, but it’s the place to start. From topic you need to decide on a purpose, i.e., what are the reasons you’ve chosen these works to analyze? Have you identified a connection between the works? Have you identified themes that overlap as well as, possibly, being unique? Identified 2-3 specific poetic devices which enhance the theme (s)? A thesis statement is a one-sentence plan, a statement of argument, something you will prove, explore, develop, and support in your essay.
For example:
Topic: These two poems have similarities and differences. (Still too general, because it can be said about nearly any two works of literature.)
Purpose: These poems are both about love but the poets use different styles.
(Better, but “love” is too broad for use as theme and the thesis
lacks focus, i.e., what, in a way of style will be the area of analysis.)
Possible thesis: Reid’s “Curiosity” and Thomas’s “Do
Not Go Gentle into That Good Night” both deal in the importance of taking
risks and living life to its fullest with the use of imagery and metaphors that
enhance these themes. (This statement accomplishes both the identification of
the theme and the main—though not necessarily only—devices that
will be discussed regarding it.)
Argument and Analysis:
Addressing these questions will help make sure that you are presenting an argument:
So what? (here is the key question) Who cares about this theme? Why does it matter? What can we learn from the poem(s)?
Addressing these questions is essential.