WORKS CITED format (BIBLIOGRAPHY)

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WORKS CITED format (BIBLIOGRAPHY)
for Research Papers

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Quick Link: Chabot Library Subscription Database Names and URL's

Based on the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers Sixth Edition. Ask for the above manual at the Chabot Library Reference Desk. The call number is Ref PE 1478 M57 2003. For the APA style, use the manual at the Reserve Desk. The call number is Ref BF 76.7 P83 2001. Or refer to the APA Citation Handout for Library Subscription Databases.

**BOOKS**
One author	Kitto, H. D. F. Form and Meaning in Drama. New York: Barnes, 1956.
Two or three authors, Edition	McAnany, Emile G., and Robert Williams. The Filmviewer' s Handbook. 3^rd ed. Glen Rock: Paulist, 1965.
More than three authors	Pollack, Thomas C., et al. Explorations. New York: Prentice, 1956.
Book without author, edition	Information Please Almanac. 45th ed. Boston: Houghton, 1992.
Editor	Harvey, Paul, ed. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. Oxford: Clarendon, 1953.
Author and Editor	Shakespeare, William. TheTragedy of Hamlet. Ed. George L. Kittredge. New York: Ginn, 1939.
Several Volumes	Leach, Maria, ed. Dictionary of Folklore. 2 vols. New York: Funk, 1950.
One volume of a set	Daiches, David. A Critical History of English Literature. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Ronald, 1970. 2 vols.
Two or more books by the same person	Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1957. ----. A Study of English Romanticism. New York: Random, 1968.
Essay or article in collection	Lawrence, David. “Fleshy Ghosts and Ghostly Flesh: The Word and The Body in Beloved.” Toni Morrison’s Fiction: Contemporary Criticism. Ed. David Middleton. New York: Garland, 2000. 231-246.
Scholarly article reprinted in collection	Garrett, Jeffrey. “Missing Eco: On Reading The Name of the Rose as Library Criticism.” Library Quarterly 61 (1991): 373-88. Rpt. In Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 142. Ed. Jeffrey W. Hunter. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. 74-81.

**ENCYCLOPEDIA**
Signed	Bieber, Margarete. “Dress and Adornment, Greece.” Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropadia. 1991 ed.
Unsigned	“Sky.” Encyclopedia Americana. 1989 ed.

**GOVERNMENT** **PUBLICATIONS**
	United States. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook. 2000-01 ed. Washington: GPO, 2000.
	California. Legislature. Joint Committee for Review of the Master plan for Higher Education. California Faces – California Future: Education for Citizenship in a Multicultural Democracy. Sacramento: Joint Publications Office, 1989.

**PAMPHLETS** (treat a pamphlet as you would a book).
Pamphlets with author	Kilgus, Robert. Color Scripsit Program Manual. Fort Worth: Tandy, 1981.
Pamphlets – no author	Career as an Aerospace-Aircraft Engineer. Chicago: Inst. For Research, 1978.

**NONPRINT (AUDIO VISUAL) MATERIALS**
Audio (Formats indicated for audio except for CD’s).	Franck, Cesar. Symphony in D Minor. Audiocassette. Cond. Leonard Bernstein, New York Philharmonic. Columbia, ML – 5391, 1959. Queen Latifah. All Hail the Queen. Tommy Boy, 1989. Merwin, W.S., and Gwendolyn Brooks. W.S. Merwin with Jim Richardson; Gwendolyn Brooks with Alice Fulton. Audiocassette. Chicago: Modern Poetry Association, 1991.
Videocassette	Like Water for Chocolate [Como agua para chocolate]. Screenplay by Laura Esquivel. Dir. Alfonso Arau. Perf. Lumi Cavazos, Marco Lombardi, and Regina Torne. Videocassette. Miramax, 1993. Touchstone Home Video, 1994.

**BOOK REVIEWS**
Book review in magazine	Freeman, Jay. Rev. of History as Mystery, by Michael Parenti. Booklist 1 Sep. 1999: 66.
Book review in article in multi- volume set	Keymer, David. Rev. of A Time to Kill, by John Grisharn. "John Grish 1955(?) -." Contemporarv Literary Criticism. Vol. 84. Ed. Jarnes P. Draper. Detroit: Gale, 1995. 190.

**PERIODICALS**
Journal	Marwick, Charles. “Genetically Modified Crops Feed Ongoing Controversy.” Journal of the American Medical Association 283 (2000): 188-191.
CQ Researcher Cite as a Magazine.	Masci, David. “Internet Privacy.” CQ Researcher 6 Nov. 1998: 953-976.
Magazine – Monthly	Paul, Annie Murphy. “Do Parents Really Matter?” Psychology Today Jan.-Feb. 1998: 46-51.
Magazine – weekly & biweekly	Morganthau, Tom, and Andrew Murr. “The Face of the Future.” Newsweek 27 Jan. 1997: 58-60.
Magazine – no author	“Cyberactivism 101.” Futurist Jul.-Aug. 2001: 15.
Newspaper – with author, Edition	Goldberg, Carey. “Single Dads Wage Revolution One Bedtime Story at a Time.” New York Times 17 June 2001, late ed., sec. 1: 1.
Newspaper – no author	“New Day For Mono Lake.” Los Angeles Times 28 Mar. 1998: B7.
Newspaper with Section	Barnard, Ellsworth. “Good Grammar Ain’t Good Usage,” New York Times 16 Feb. 1991, late ed., sec. 4: 8.

**PERIODICAL/BOOK DATABASE ACCESSED FROM THE INTERNET:**
Skip to Examples 1. Author, if available, last name first. 2. Title of article, in quotes. 3. Name of magazine, joumal, newspaper, book - underlined. 4. Volume number, if a journal. Editor(s) place of publication, and publisher if a book. 5. Date of publication. 6. Page(s) of article. 7. Name of electronic subscription database, followed by Library and Library’s city and state abbreviation. 8. Date of access and internet address (URL) of the service's main page (if known) or the keyword assigned by the service (NOT THE URL FOR THE ARTICLE). NOTE: If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.

**URL’s FOR OUR SUBSCRIPTION DATABASES**
Database Name	Main Page’s URL
Ebsco Host Academic Search Elite	http://search.ebscohost.com
Lexis-Nexis Academic	http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe
Project MUSE	http://muse.jhu.edu/
ProQuest Ethnic NewsWatch, GenderWatch, Alt-PressWatch or ProQuest Nursing Journals	http://proquest.umi.com/login?
Facts on File Issues & Controversies	http://www.2facts.com
Literature Resource Center, Gale Virtual Library	http://infotrac.galegroup.com/menu

EXAMPLES OF CITING ARTICLES OR BOOK ESSAYS TAKEN FROM OUR SUBSCRIPTION DATABASES

Lim, Ji Hyun. “Women Still Earn Much Less Than Men.” Asian Week 23 May 2001: 12. ProQuest Ethnic NewsWatch Complete. Chabot College Lib., Hayward, CA. 21 Aug. 2002 <http://proquest.umi.com/login?>.

Guevera, James, et. al. “Utilization and Cost of Health Care Services for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.” Pediatrics 108 (2001): 71-78. Ebsco Host Academic Search Elite. Chabot College Lib., Hayward, CA. 21 Aug. 2002 <http://search.ebscohost.com/>.

“Stem-Cell Research.” 12 Aug. 1999. Facts on File Issues & Controversies. Chabot College Lib., Hayward, CA. 14 May 2000 <http://www.2Facts on File>.

Richter, Judy. “Energy Crisis Prompts New Look at Solar Power.” San Francisco Chronicle 10 June 2001: sec. Real Estate, 12. Lexis-Nexis Academic. Chabot College Lib., Hayward, CA. 21 Aug. 2001 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe>.

“Cisco Systems, Inc.” Hoover’s Company Profile Database – American Public Companies. 2 Aug. 2001. Lexis-Nexis Academic. Chabot College Lib., Hayward, CA. 21 Aug. 2001 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe>.

Blake, Susan L. “Toni Morrison.” Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 33: Afro-American Fiction Writers After 1955. Ed. Thadious M. Davis and Trudier Harris. Detroit: Gale Group, 1984. 187-199. Literature Resource Center. Chabot College Lib., Hayward, CA. 24 Sep. 2001 <http://infotrac.galegroup.com/menu>.

WEB SITE CITATIONS (for articles from library databases, see previous page)

While most instructors permit using Internet sources, few consider a search of the World Wide Web alone adequate research for a paper; most require that other materials, published originally in print form (including articles from a library subscription database) also be sought.

**WEB SITE SOURCE:**
1. Name of the author, editor, compiler, or translator of the source (if available and relevant). 2. Title of the document. If a poem, short story, article or other short work, put in quotes. If title of a book, underline. 3. Title of the scholarly project, database, periodical, or professional or personal site (underlined); or, for a professional or personal site with no title, a description such as Homepage. Note: if a Library subscription database such as Ebsco Host, please look at Periodical/Book Database Accessed from the Internet (previous page). 4. Name of the editor, compiler, or translator of the scholarly project or database, preceded by the appropriate abbreviation, such as Ed. 5. Date of electronic publication or last update. 6. Name of the institution or organization sponsoring or associated with the site. 7. Date when you accessed the source. 8. Network address, or URL, <in angle brackets>. NOTE: If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.

**EXAMPLES OF WEB SITE CITATIONS:**
Oakley, John H. "The Achilles Painter." The Perseus Project. Ed. Gregory Crane. Mar. 2000. Tufts U. 14 May 2000. <http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Secondary/Painter_Essays/Achilles_toc .html>. Romantic Chronology. Ed. Laura Mandell and Alan Liu. 8 Oct. 1999. Queen’s University, Belfast. 21 Aug. 2001 <http://www.qub.ac.uk/english/shuttle/rom-chrono/chrono.htm>. Thomas: Legislative Information on the Internet. 16 Aug. 2001. Lib of Congress, Washington. 21 Aug. 2001 <http://thomas.loc.gov/>. Jost, Kenneth and Gregory L. Giroux. "The Electoral College: Abolish It? Change It?" CQ Researcher 8 Dec. 2000. OnPolitics. Washingtonpost.com, Washington. 21 Aug. 2001 <http://washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/elections/cq_issues120800.htm>. Mehta, Seema. "Generators to Be Used Despite Protests." Los Angeles Times 21 Aug. 2001. 21 Aug. 2001 <http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-000067810aug21.story>.

**OTHER**
Live performances	Kushner, Tony. Angels in America: Millenium Approaches. Marines Memorial Theatre, San Francisco. 13 Oct. 1994
Personal Interview	Cota, Susan A. Chancellor, Chabot-Las Positas Community College District. Personal interview. 31 Oct. 2004

CITING BOOKS, ARTICLES, AND OTHER SOURCES PARENTHETICALLY IN YOUR PAPER

In addition to providing a works cited page at the end of the paper, you also cite your sources within the paper itself, whenever you are referring to another source, whether you are directly quoting that source or simply commenting on it. Most often, you insert a parenthesis at the end of a sentence or phrase where you are referring to the source, and you usually refer to author and page number, as the citation of the complete source will be listed on the Works Cited page.

While the consumer may enjoy a hamburger at ninety-nine cents, the “fast food industry pays the minimum wage to a higher proportion of its workers than any other American industry” (Schlosser 73)

Unless your paper also refers to another work by the author, you do not need to mention the title of the book or the year as that information will be listed on the Works Cited page.

Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation. New York: Perennial, 2002.

The table below features common examples of parenthetical citations.

Type of citation	Example
Author's name in text	Frye develops this argument (67-69).
Author's name in reference	This argument has been developed elsewhere (Frye 67-69).
Quotation found in indirect or "secondhand" source	The philosopher Alain states that "admiration is not pleasure but a kind of attention. . ." (qtd. in Magny 66).
Material found in indirect source	Alain's words seem to dissociate admiration from pleasure (in Magny 66).
Two authors' names in reference	To understand Toni Morrison’s novels fully, the reader should have great knowledge of the culture and history of African Americans (Walker and Sherry 167).
Two works by same author on list of works cited	Frye connects Burgess' A Clockwork Orange to romance tradition (Secular Scripture 110).
Two locations in same source	Ehrenreich covers this problem (22, 31).
Two sources cited	This controversy has been addressed more than once (Schlosser 27; Cook 69).

FOOTNOTES AND ENDNOTES
If your instructor asks you to use Footnotes or Endnotes for in-text citations, read Appendix B of the MLA Handbook

EXAMPLE

WORKS CITED FORMAT

A works cited page must be in ALPHABETICAL order by the first word of the citation.

Ignore A, An, or The if it's the first word of the citation and alphabetize by the second word.

The list of works cited appears at the end of your paper. Begin the list on a new page and number each page, continuing the page numbers of the text. For example, if the text of your research paper ends on page 10, the works-cited list begins on page 11. The page number appears in the upper right-hand corner, half an inch from the top and flush with the right margin. Center the title, Works Cited, an inch from the top of the page. Double-space between the title and the first entry. Begin each entry flush with the left margin; if an entry runs more than one line, indent the subsequent line or lines one-half inch (or five spaces if you are using a typewriter) from the left margin. Double-space the entire list. Continue the list on as many pages as necessary.

WORKS CITED

Beir, Ernst G. "Body Language." Encyclopedia Americana. 1998 ed.

"Close Up and Personal: the Body Language of Love." Mademoiselle Sept. 1998: 222-225.

Coates, Steve. "Et Tu, Cybernetica Machina User?" New York Times 8 Oct. 2000, late ed.: D4. Lexis-Nexis Academic. Chabot College Lib., Hayward, CA. 4 Dec. 2001. <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe>.

Molcho, Sarny. Body Speech. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. Sandberg, N.P.

"Nonverbal Behavior." Encyclopedia of Psvchology. Ed. Raymond J. Corsini. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. New York: Chichester, 1994.

Tully, R. Brent, et al. "Global Extinction in Spiral Galaxies." Astronomical Journal. 115.6 (1998). Ebsco Host Academic Search Elite. Chabot College Lib., Hayward, CA. 27 June 1998 <http://search.ebscohost.com/>.

A World of Gestures: Culture and Nonverbal Communication. Videocassette. Prod. Dane Archer. University of California Extension Media Center, 1981.

Zimmerman, Ellen. "Leading Indicators (Reading a Woman's Body Language).'' Health. Dec. 1993: 34+.

This handout can also be accessed at the following URL: http://www.chabotcollege.edu/Library/onlineref/cited.html.

VH and NB/Mar. 2000, Aug. 2001, Sep. 2002, Dec. 2003, Aug. 2005.

Parenthetical citation examples adapted from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center on Aug. 31, 2005 <http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocMLACitation_Format.html>

Cascading style sheet for MLA format to citations with instructions is available at: http://web.archive.org/web/20050515232906/http://nwr.engl.niu.edu/tutorials/citation_format.html Courtesy of Eric Hoffman and the Networked Writing and Research team for the Department of English at Northern Illinois University